*The institution of the sheikhdom, which was established in place of the Emirates, emerged to the center as a new social leadership force. The rebellion declared by Sheikh Ubayd Allah in 1878 against both the Ottoman and Iranian empires was not suppressed until after England supported both empires.
*Also, the rebellions that Sheikh Saeed began in 1925, continued in Agri in 1930, and were last tried in Dersim under the leadership of Sayyid Reza in 1937 and 1938, ended in defeat and failure. The rebellions of the 1920s, led by Mahmoud Barzanji in southern Kurdistan and Samko Shakaki in eastern Kurdistan, were also similar in nature.
*England once again played a certain and fateful role in these defeats as well. The page of the first era of the Kurdish movement was turned, crowned with disastrous failure, with both the experience of the Republic of Mahabad in Iranian Kurdistan in 1946, and the escalating autonomy movement led by Mustafa Barzani between 1960 – 1975; after that, the page of a new era began from 1975 until the present day.The national democratic movements, composed mostly of the Illuminati and the people, showed their prominent influence in the new context, after the defeat of the rebel movements led by the beys, aghas, and classical sheikhs.
